Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

ESR




ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation
rate. It is a test that indirectly measures how much inflammation is in
the body. However, it rarely leads directly to a specific diagnosis.



How the Test is Performed




Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or
the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine
(antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the
upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with
blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into
the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to
the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the
blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site
is covered to stop any bleeding.
In infants or young children, a
sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it
bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or
onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if
there is any bleeding.
The blood sample is sent to a lab. The test
measures how fast red blood cells called erythrocytes fall to the
bottom of a tall, thin tube.



How to Prepare for the Test


There are no special preparations needed.



How the Test Will Feel



When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate
pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward,
there may be some throbbing.



Why the Test is Performed





This test can be used to monitor inflammatory or cancerous diseases.
It is a screening test, which means it cannot be used to diagnose a
specific disorder.
However, it is useful in detecting and
monitoring tuberculosis,
tissue death, certain forms of arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and
inflammatory diseases that cause vague symptoms.



Normal Results





Adults (Westergren method):

• Men under 50 years old: less
  than 15 mm/hr
  
• Men over 50 years old: less than 20 mm/hr
  
• Women
  under 50 years old: less than 20 mm/hr
  
• Women over 50 years old:
  less than 30 mm/hr
  

Children (Westergren method):

• Newborn:
  0 to 2 mm/hr
  
• Neonatal to puberty: 3 to 13 mm/hr
  

Note:
mm/hr. = millimeters per hour

What Abnormal Results Mean




An increased ESR rate may be due to:

• Anemia
  
• Endocarditis
  
• Kidney
  disease
  
• Osteomyelitis
  
• Pregnancy
  
• Rheumatic
  fever
  
• Rheumatoid
  arthritis
  
• Syphilis
  
• Systemic
  lupus erythematosus
  
• Thyroid
  disease
  
• Tuberculosis
  
• Other inflammatory conditions
  

Very
high ESR levels occur with:

• Body-wide (systemic) infection
  
• Giant
  cell arteritis
  
• Hyperfibrinogenemia (increased fibrinogen
  levels in the blood)
  
• Multiple
  myeloma
  
• Macroglobulinemia
  - primary
  
• Necrotizing
  vasculitis
  
• Polymyalgia
  rheumatica
  

Lower-than-normal levels occur with:

• Congestive
  heart failure
  
• Hyperviscosity
  
• Hypofibrinogenemia
  (decreased fibrinogen levels)
  
• Low plasma protein (due to liver
  or kidney disease)
  
• Polycythemia
  
• Sickle
  cell anemia
  

Additional conditions that may affect test
results:

• Allergic
  vasculitis
  
• Atrial
  myxoma
  
• Autoimmune
  hepatitis
  
• Endometritis
  
• Eosinophilic
  fasciitis
  
• Erysipelas
  
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
  
• Legionnaire's
  disease
  
• Osteomyelitis
  
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
  
• Pericarditis
  after a heart attack
  
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
  
• Skin
  lesion of blastomycosis
  
• Subacute thyroiditis
  
• Scleroderma
  

Risks




Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from
one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some
people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks
associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:

• Excessive
  bleeding
  
• Fainting or feeling light-headed
  
• Hematoma
  (blood accumulating under the skin)
  
• Infection (a slight risk any
  time the skin is broken)
  

الترجمة المنطقية


هو قياس سرعة ترسيب كرات الدم الحمراء خلال ساعة واحدة عند
وضع كمية من الدم في انبوبة خاصة حيث يتم قياس المسافة بالملي متر التي
تتحركها كرات الدم خلال ساعة والوحده المستخدمة في القياس هي
mm/hr

ماهي النسب الطبيعية لسرعة الترسيب ؟؟
Adult:
Age < 50
Man: 0 to 15
Women: 0 to 20
Age > 50
Man: 0 to 20
Women: 0 to 30
Newborn: 0 to 2
Neonatal to puberty: 0 to 13


ماهي اهم الحالات اللي بتزيد فيها سرعة
الترسيب عن المعدل الطبيعي ؟؟
•الحمى الروماتيزمية ...في هذه الحالة يتم عمل تحليل A.S.O
للتاكد من ان المريض يعاني من الحمى الروماتيزمية

•الروماتويد .. وطبعا في هذه الحالة لازم المريض يعمل تحليل
rheumatoid
factor للكشف عن الاجسام المضادة

•الحمل

•الانيميا الحادة

•الدرن ( السل الرئوي )

•في بعض امراض الكلي وبعض الامراض المتعلقة بالغدة الدرقية

•في حالة ازدياد نسبة الفيبرينوجين في الدم


واهم الحالات اللي بتقل فيها
سرعة الترسيب :

•في حالة الـ congestive heart
failure
•انخفاض نسبة البروتين في الدم
نتيجة خلل في الكبد او الكلية
• ازدياد عدد كرات الدم الحمراء
Polycythemia
•انيميا الخلايا المنجلية
•انخفاض نسبة الفيبرينوجين
تحياتي

اقتباس :

مشكور دكتور
على الموضوع

شكلك عم تراجع

الدروس عشان نسيت
الطيب بمزح

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]

خخخخخخخخخخخخ

لازم الواحد يراجع دايما معلوماتو

بس تصدقي هالأيام مقبل على دراسة بخصوص هالموضوع

بدي أعمل شي احصائية

سبحان الله شكلك حاسة

مشكورة نعوووسة

بالنسبة لأختبار سرعة ترسيب الدم

هو اختبار نجريه دايما وبكثرة

للكشف عن حالات مرضية في الدم مثل الأنيميا

مشكورة خيتو

تحياتي